#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

void BFS_rev(bool canReturn[], vector<vector<int>> &adj_rev, int start)
{
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(start);
    canReturn[start] = true;

    while(!q.empty()){
        int curr = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int i = 0; i < adj_rev[curr].size(); i++){
            int newNode = adj_rev[curr][i];
            if(!canReturn[newNode]){
                q.push(newNode);
                canReturn[newNode] = true;
            }
        }
    }
}

void BFS_main(bool canReturn[], bool valid[], vector<vector<int>> &adj, int start)
{
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(start);
    valid[start] = true;

    while(!q.empty()){
        int curr = q.front();
        q.pop();
        if(!canReturn[curr]){
            continue;
        }
        for(int i = 0; i < adj[curr].size(); i++){
            int newNode = adj[curr][i];
            if(!valid[newNode]){
                valid[newNode] = true;
                q.push(newNode);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    int N, M, K;
    cin >> N >> M >> K;
    vector<vector<int>> adj(N+1, vector<int>()), adj_rev(N+1, vector<int>());
    for(int i = 0; i < M; i++){
        int a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        adj[a].push_back(b);
        adj_rev[b].push_back(a);
    }
    bool canReturn[1001] = {};
    BFS_rev(canReturn, adj_rev, K);

    bool valid[1001] = {};
    BFS_main(canReturn, valid, adj, K);

    vector<int> sol;

    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++){
        if(valid[i] && i != K){
            sol.push_back(i);
        }
    }

    cout << sol.size() << endl;
    for(int i = 0; i < sol.size(); i++){
        cout << sol[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}